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A Week to remember: The Norwegian Textile Symposium in Skien

By Magnhild Peggy Jones Gilje

When I was asked to write a few words about the symposium, I started applying myself to what exactly I should focus upon. For every lecture, every craftsperson and every small business I encountered, I kept thinking that this is the talk/person/craft I will choose. It turned out the event was filled with so much of interest, so many exceptionally skilled people and so many interesting lectures that I couldn’t choose just one or even a few to focus upon. Instead, I will try to give a broad overview of what the participants enjoyed over those beautiful autumn days in Skien. 

To set the scene.

Skien is a town in Telemark. It nestles on the banks of the river Skienselva and the city centre itself is located where another river, the Farleva, forms the Hjellevatnet lake. Arriving in Skien on the Friday morning, I was welcomed by clear blue skies, crisp autumnal air and an incredible show of golden autumn leaves. 

The Norwegian Textile Symposium was arranged by Norges Husflidslag [The Norwegian Folk Art and Craft Association] and has taken years to plan and arrange. For many of the participants the week started with a practical course, which was booked in advance and separately from the weekend’s lectures. Here is a list of the courses and the teachers, with their Instagram handles. All well worth looking at to see some of the exceptional work done by these craftspeople.

Beadwork on bodice inserts from Hardanger – Agnete Sivertsen @agnete.sivertsen
Metal lacemaking – Anne Alette Botnevik Kolle @bunadsdamene
Telemarksbinding – Borghild Telnes @borghildtelnes
Tablet weaving – Bente Skogsaas @osebergtabletweave
Heddlecarving and weaving – Kerstin Neumüller @kerstin.neumuller
Nalbinding – Helene Henriksen @urdabrunn @husflidskonsulenten_i_mr
Drop spindle spinning – Vigdis Valde @vigdis.valde
Varafell weaving – Monika Ravnanger @osteroymuseum
Embroidery with wool – Barbro Tronhuus Storlien @frustorlien

The courses were divided into three day, two day and one day courses and were held at Telemark Museum as well as the main symposium venue, Ibsenhuset. 

I opted for the drop spindle spinning with Vigdis Valde, who is passionate about all things fibre and is a highly skilled spinner.  During the course we were able to try different types of drop spindles and different types of wool. Carded or combed wool from the Norwegian White Sheep (the most common crossbred type in present day farming) Spælsau (Old Norwegian Short Tail Landrace) and the breed known as Old Norwegian Sheep. The hours flew by and before I knew it, it was time to rush off and change into my bunad for the opening party at Telemark Museum.

My notebook with samples. Photo: Magnhild Peggy Jones Gilje

Opening party with Her Majesty The Queen Sonja. 

The party at Telemark museum marked not only the opening of the Textile Symposium, but also the opening of a exhibition of Åkle [coverlets] from Vest Agder, curated by Kathrine Bringsdal. 

A group photo of some of the symposium participants. Photo: Dag Jenssen, Telemark Museum.

Telemark museum was an excellent venue for welcoming Her Majesty The Queen to the Textile Symposium. It commenced with a screening of the film Historjá which tells the story of Britta Margareta Marakatt-Labbas’s work on the epic embroidery piece of the same name. This was followed by drinks and nibbles, folk music and a wander round the exhibition, with plenty of exciting textile elements. * 

Her Majesty The Queen inspecting an Åkle. Photo: Dag Jenssen, Telemark Museum

Saturday morning started off with an open market area in the large and light foyer of Ibsenhuset and this stayed open all weekend and was open to the public. The market held a wide array of stalls, from the bigger textile companies such as Krivi and Tyrihans, to smaller businesses such as Stormdal Ull, Løvli Naturull and Dalebutikken as well as artists and artisans such as Borghild Telnes and Ann Mari Jore. The local and regional branches of The Norwegian Folk Art and Craft Association were also well represented with an exhibition of local crafts. 

Will Riedlinger demonstrated metal lace work in the foyer after attending the three-day course with teacher Anne Kolle. Photo by Magnhild Peggy Jones Gilje.

The lectures on both Saturday and Sunday were varied and informative, and although I would like to give a full account of them all, a list will have to suffice. The Master of Ceremonies Kim Sølve Jackobsen (known for hunting traditional skills and crafts) guided us through the tightly packed program with endless smiles and boundless enthusiasm. (More on Kim’s work: @school_of_folk_skills )

Saturday:

  • Anne Bamle and the Rødtrøyebunad – Guro Nordby
  • From fertility symbols to status symbols – use of symbolism in textile objects. – Mikkel B. Tin 
  • Panel debate about the safeguarding of traditional crafts, led by Ellen Krageberg.
  • Our textile cultural heritage – Solveig Torgersen Grinder
  • A landscape of threads –  Borghild Telnes
  • Woolology and stichmagic, learning through crafts. – Vigdis Valde

Sunday: 

  • Woven coverlets from West Agder – Kathrine Holmegård Bringsdal
  • Skautfelling (the folding of the Hardanger headdress) – Agnete Sivertsen
  • Award for “red listed” heritage. Awarded to Møre and Romsdal Folk Art and Craft Association for their work on Senger og Nordmørsåkle (woven coverlets)
  • DNB Savings Bank Foundation, possibilities – Tuva Løksne
  • Singing Stones, the Warp Weighted loom –  Monika Ravnanger
  • Tabletwoven finds from the Oseberg excavations – Bente Skogsaas. 

Knitting needles tapped gently in the audience. Photo: Magnhild Peggy Jones Gilje

Kim’s enthusiasm mirrored that of the audience–seldom if ever have I experienced a lecture theatre quite so full of skilled, knowledge-hungry craftspeople and textile enthusiasts. The gentle tapping of knitting needles and the gasps of wonder as one incredible textile was discussed after another was quite something. Importantly there was also a strong thread throughout the weekend, tying in the most important questions: how can we safeguard our textile cultural heritage and the intangible knowledge surrounding it? How do we make sure we are securing this knowledge for future generations and how do we ensure that becoming a craftsperson is a viable choice today?

The name of one of the exhibitions at Telemark Museum sums up the weekend well; ALL THIS IS YOURS. It is all this material culture, the learning the skills, the knowledge of how to use them, the work that goes into growing, farming or sourcing the materials, processing them and the significance of the individual objects.It is ours, our collective cultural heritage, and I hope we keep working hard not only to preserve it but also, and most importantly, to keep it alive and thriving. 

The Queen with Agnete Sivertsen who is head of Norges Husflidslag and is wearing her Hardanger headdress. After the weekend was over Agnete said, “The Textile symposium was a wonderful weekend that gathered textile enthusiasts from around Norway.” Photo: Dag Jenssen, Telemark Museum

Greetings from Gjøvdal,
Magnhild Peggy Jones Gilje
@magnhild.peggy

*If you happen to be visiting Skien, Telemark Museum is well worth a visit. The staff are engaged and helpful and the museum enjoys hosting a variety of courses, most recently courses in rose painting and spinning. https://www.telemarkmuseum.no/en/

Magnhild Peggy Jones Gilje has completed an apprenticeship in the craft of bunadtilvirking. Since 2015 she has, together with Eldbjørg Breivik Smeland and Olga Maria Breivik, worked on cataloguing woven bands in the Åmli area. Magnhild has been awarded a Norwegian Crafts Institute three-year scholarship, which she started in September 2024. She will be using this opportunity to further study woven bands and develop her skills as a craftsperson. She will be keeping an informal record of her work on her blog, which will include summaries in English: https://stipendiat.handverksinstituttet.no/bandveveren/velkommen-til-bandveverens-blogg/

October 2024

Skillbragd Puzzles: Overshot Coverlets in the Vesterheim Collection

By Laurann Gilbertson, Curator
Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum

There is a coverlet at Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum in Decorah, Iowa, that has always bothered me. It shouldn’t. It’s beautiful and interesting and came with some family information. This coverlet was from Troms or Vestre Toten, a gift of Valborg Ravn. To try to understand the Valborg Ravn Coverlet better, I compared it to other overshot coverlets in the collection and dug into its history. [Note: the coverlets are identified by the donors’ names.]

The Ravn Coverlet from Troms or Vestre Toten. Wool on cotton, 57” x 72”. Gift of Valborg Ravn. (1980.097.001).

The Valborg Ravn Coverlet  has a ground of unbleached cotton, woven in unbalanced plain weave. The warp yarn is single and the weft is used double. The pattern weft is two-ply wool. Two shades of red, two shades of green, and white were used, with the darker shades of red and green appearing dominant. The coverlet was woven in two sections and joined with a handsewn center seam. The ends have tiny, rolled seams that are carefully handsewn.

As Kay Larson explains in The Woven Coverlets of Norway (University of Washington Press, 2001), there are two types of designs of skillbragd or overshot coverlets, depending on whether the patterns were controlled by the threading of the loom or whether the weaver used a weaving sword to bring forward patterns stored at the back of the loom.

Thread-controlled patterns are characterized by smaller repeats with multiple, long vertical stripes where the ground is not covered by wool pattern wefts. One example of this type is the Helga Lund Parsons Coverlet (1974.018.001), brought from Oppdal in Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. 

Helga Lund Parsons Coverlet from Oppdal in Sør-Trøndelag. Wool on linen, 51.5” x 69.5”. Gift of Helga Lund Parsons.(1974.018.001)

Because the Valborg Ravn Coverlet does not have vertical stripes characteristic of a threaded pattern, it may have been woven with a weaving sword. Diamonds, large Xs, and eight-petal flowers are common motifs on coverlets woven with a sword. And this one has diamond and Xs patterns.

Valborg Ravn Coverlet, detail

In an email, Kay described another difference between threaded patterns and patterns on coverlets woven with a weaving sword. “I guess I think of the distinction between threaded and stored-pattern skillbragd as indicated by the size of the repeats: limited by the number of shafts for a threaded pattern, but usually just by practicality for one that’s stored. Your subject piece, the Valborg Ravn Coverlet, looks like it has a pattern repeat of about 12 rows, whereas threaded patterns when regularly repeated are usually 4.”

Part of what has bothered me about this coverlet is the smaller-scale pattern along the center seam. Shouldn’t that be on the sides? Lauryn Johnson, Collection Assistant at Vesterheim, took a photo of the coverlet. Using the digital photo, she cleverly divided the image along the seam, rotated each half, and put the halves back together with the small-scale pattern as side borders. Ah! Much better. 

A photo of the Valborg Ravn Coverlet, digitally altered, flipped symmetrically.

The center seam of the Valborg Ravn Coverlet appears to have been sewn at the same time as the end hems and both early in the life of the coverlet. Was this an accident or did the weaver prefer the effect of the fine patterning in the center? Was the weaver a rebel, asking “Why should the side borders be on the sides?”

Am I viewing this coverlet with my own aesthetic? Perhaps, but let’s look at the Floyd Fairweather #1 Coverlet (1986.093.035). It was woven in one width so there could not have been an accident in the placement of the finer patterning on the outer sides. 

Floyd Fairweather #1 Coverlet Wool on linen, 54” x 67.5”. Gift of Floyd Fairweather. (1986.093.035)

Side borders of small patterns appear on many of the sword-woven skillbragd coverlets in Vesterheim’s collection. The Erling A Dalaker Coverlet (1997.079.015) is a stunning and old coverlet from Rogaland County in western Norway. The side borders are made up of small, equal-armed crosses. What catches your eye first, though, is the color. The weaver has intentionally changed the color of the yarn while weaving so that there is a center green block (and several smaller red or green blocks). An overshot coverlet with a center color block is sometimes called sparlaken and was used over a coffin during a funeral. The solid-color square marks the spot where a Bible or candle was placed. 

The Erling A Dalaker Coverlet from Rogaland. Wool on linen, 41” x 60”. Gift of Erling A Dalaker. (1997.079.015)

There are also intentional color changes on the Floyd Fairweather #2 Coverlet (1986.093.032), though just for some of the eight-petal-flower motifs. This is only half of a coverlet. What is probably the side border is made of concentric Vs. 

The Floyd Fairweather #2 Coverlet (a half coverlet). Wool on cotton, 25.5” x 60.5”. Gift of Floyd Fairweather. (1986.093.032)

Vesterheim has far fewer sword-woven skillbragd coverlets than loom-controlled. And only three of Vesterheim’s ten sword-woven coverlets have information about where they came from or who might have woven or owned them. There wasn’t much on the Valborg Ravn Coverlet, so I dug a little deeper into its background.

The coverlet had belonged to Theoline Knatterud and Karl Høegh. Theoline was born in Vestre Toten in eastern Norway and came to Minnesota as a young woman with her family. Karl was born in Troms County, Norway, and worked for a merchant before moving to Spring Grove, Minnesota, in the 1860s and opening a hardware store. He went by Charles Hoegh in Minnesota. Unfortunately, when Theoline and Karl’s granddaughter, Valborg Ravn, donated the coverlet, she didn’t know or didn’t say which parent had brought it from Norway. 

My next step will be to explore sword-woven skillbragd coverlets on the Norwegian museums’ online catalog at digitaltmuseum.no. When I search “skillbragd” and then select “things,” I’m presented with 3,712 beautiful textiles to review. There isn’t a Norwegian term that differentiates the sword-woven and loom-controlled skillbragds, so this might be a task saved for a rainy or snowy day. Perhaps you’d like to explore, too.

Laurann Gilbertson holds a BA in Anthropology and an MS in Textiles & Clothing, both from Iowa State University. She was Textile Curator at Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum in Decorah, Iowa, for 19 years and is now the Chief Curator there. Among her duties are overseeing the collection of more than 30,000 artifacts, creating exhibitions, and leading Textile Study Tours to Norway.

October 2024