Author Archives: lafleur1801@me.com

Frida Hansen’s Swans and Maidens in “Southward” are Heading Eastward

I added an article to the spring issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter, especially aimed at those of you who might be able to make a trip to Stavanger, Norway, this summer. Recommended!

By Robbie LaFleur

Maidens riding swans are forever moving through blue fan-shaped waves in Frida Hansen’s monumental tapestry, Sørover [Southward], 1903. Perhaps that is appropriate for such a well-traveled work of art? 

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Frida Hansen. Sørover (Southward), 1903. Photo: Peter Pap

Southward was barely cut from the loom of Frida Hansen before spending decades on exhibit in many American states.

1903. Berthea Aske Bergh, a New York Norwegian-American socialite, weaving teacher, and pupil of Frida Hansen, bought Southward from Frida Hansen and brought it to the U.S. 

1903-1931. Southward was exhibited in more than 25 U.S. venues, including New York City and Brooklyn, New York; Rochester, New York; Washington D.C.; St. Louis, Missouri; Baltimore, Maryland; Toledo, Ohio; Burlington, Vermont; and Minneapolis, Minnesota. (Read more: “Southward on Display.”)

In particular, tens of thousands of Norwegian-Americans visited the Norse-American Centennial celebration held at the Minnesota State Fairgrounds on June 6–9, 1925. Thousands of the visitors must have seen Southward hanging in the Exhibition hall. 

Southward hung prominently at the Norse-American Centennial. Photo: Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum

1961 — Southward is sold at the estate auction of Norman Bergh, son of Berthea Aske Bergh, but there is no record of who bought it or how much was paid. (Read more: “More Provenance Puzzle Pieces are in Place.”)

19?? (1970s?) — David McInnis, a rug dealer from Keene, New Hampshire, acquired Southward and stored it carefully. 

2021 — After the death of David McInnis, Rug Dealer Peter Pap rediscovered the tapestry, many decades after it was last publicized, folded in a bin. (Read more: “Frida Hansen’s Sørover.”)

2022-2023 — After cleaning, Southward was once again exhibited in two venues. It was part of Scandinavian Design and the United States, 1890-1980 at LACMA, the Los Angeles Museum of Art (Oct. 9, 2022-Feb. 5, 2023), and the Milwaukee Museum of Art (March 24-July 23, 2023).

2025Southward travels eastward, back to Norway for an exhibit at the Stavanger Art Museum, From the Roots: Kitty Kielland & Frida Hansen.

Imagine all the times Southward has been rolled, unrolled, and moved. Here is a photo of the tapestry in Peter Pap‘s studio in Dublin, New Hampshire, being rolled for shipping to Stavanger.

Think of all the types of vehicles that were used to transport the tapestry to various venues. It came by boat from Norway in 1903. It was most likely moved by horse-drawn carriage during the first decade of the 1900s, and then by gasoline-powered trucks and cars. It was sent between the Toledo Museum of Art and the Brooklynn Museum of Art in 1931 with American Railway. It will not be sent back to Norway by boat.

Through the diligent work of Berthea Aske Bergh, the owner of Southward, the tapestry itself was a vehicle in the United States for promoting Norwegian tapestry and Frida Hansen’s talent. Bergh received the St. Olav’s Medal from Norway’s King Haakon the Seventh for her promotion of Norwegian art. I think she would be happy that the tapestry she bought from Frida Hansen’s loom is still admired by new generations.

“The Honorable Erling E. Bent, Consul General of Norway presenting Mrs. Berthea Aske Bergh with the St. Olav’s Medal. Sent from King Haakon the Seventh of Norway for her many years work for Norway Arts and Industries at a party held for Mrs. Bergh in the Norwegian (Seamen’s?) Hotel, December 10, 1948. Brooklyn, NY”

Thousands of Americans have had the opportunity to admire Southward. After 122 years in America, it seems high time to bring it back to Norway for a blockbuster exhibit.

Fra Røttene: Kitty Kielland & Frida Hansen [From the Roots: Kitty Kielland & Frida Hansen]
Stavanger Kunstmuseum, June 14-August 31, 2025

Help support wonderful articles on Scandinavian textiles with a donation to the Norwegian Textile Letter. Thank you! Tusen takk!

The First 2025 Issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter

This issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter features several articles about the Scandinavian Weavers Study Group of the Weavers Guild of Minnesota, or by members of our group. There is currently a retrospective exhibit at Norway House in Minneapolis, Vibrant Tradition: Scandinavian Weaving in the Midwest, so this is an appropriate moment to celebrate the group’s more than thirty years of weaving in Scandinavian techniques.

The exhibit at Norway House includes historical technology–a Viking-style warp weighted loom–and cutting edge presentation, with QR codes for details about the artists and weavings. Read Vibrant Tradition: Scandinavian Weaving in the Midwest (Exhibit Recap).

These three weavings in the Vibrant Tradition exhibit share a spring-like palette. They are by Lisa Torvik, Holly Hildebrandt, and Cathie Mayr.

Lisa Torvik wrote about the Scandinavian Weavers’ rosepath group project, inspired by the Swedish author Anna Östlund. That technique will always remind them of the pandemic. Read A  Rainbow of Rosepath.

Lisa Torvik wrote about Anne Holden, an interesting weaver she met on a trip to Norway last fall. Holden didn’t know how to weave when she came to Norway to ski as a young woman. Now she is known for weaving deeply traditional plaid fabrics for national costumes. Read Scotland is not the only Place for Plaids!

Lisa Torvik also wrote about a remarkable tapestry she noticed at a friend’s home. What does foot surgery have to do with a superstar Norwegian tapestry weaver? I’ll bet some readers will recognize who wove this before even reading the article. Read Finding Unexpected Treasure in a Familiar Place.

Mary Skoy’s great-grandfather received a monogrammed blanket for a wedding gift 1n 1880. 150 years later she wove a new family heirloom. Read A Treasured 1880 Wedding Blanket, Reinterpreted.

Wendy J. Johnson of Saga Hill Studio has an infectious passion for flax and a deep interest in Scandinavian textiles. She grows, spins, knits and weaves linen in Minnesota. Read Linen Flax in Norway—Past, Present, Future.

Fans of band weaving will want to sign up for two free classes coming up from Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum. They are listed in this issue’s Nordic News and Notes.

Sally Yerkovich, Director of Educational Exchange & Special Projects for the American-Scandinavian Foundation, introduces a new exhibit, Nordic Echoes: Tradition in Contemporary Art, opening in New York City on April 6. After you see the article, you’ll understand this comment…shouldn’t someone bring a guinea pig to the exhibit? Read Nordic Echoes: A Journey Curating a Celebration of Contemporary Nordic Traditions.

Krokbragd hasn’t only crossed the ocean to American weaving fans. British author Angie Parker has added her signature vibrant color palette to the technique. Minnesota weaver Jan Mostrom wrote a review of Parker’s new book, “Krokbragd: Contemporary Weaving with Colour” .

Thank you everyone for reading and sharing! The Norwegian Textile Letter was first published in 1994, forty years ago. I just completed ten full years of publishing the newsletter online. It could not be done without the unflagging help of generous contributing authors, and the team of talented friends who edit and proofread the articles. Special thanks for this issue go to Mary Skoy, Lisa-Anne Bauch, and Carol Colburn.

Looking forward to future issues, there’s still so much to share. Please let me know if there are topics you would like to see covered.

New Issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter Coming Soon!

Dear Norwegian Textile Letter friends,

The message you received a short while ago was an unintended teaser! I am formatting the articles for the new issue (out March 31!). I did not realize that when I switched to the block-editing style in WordPress, that a message would go out when I saved an article in password-protected format. That’s how I send a formatted article to the author and proofreader.

You will see the really interesting article on flax soon, and several more articles, soon!

Until then, if you are not aware of the wonderful weaving exhibit now up at Norway House in Minneapolis, you can read about it in these two articles.

Vibrant Traditions on display at Norway House: A colorful tapestry of Nordic color.” Carstens Smith, The Norwegian American, January 25, 2025.

Norway House’s Vibrant Traditions — a tapestry of time and place.” Sommer Wagen. The Minnesota Daily, February 5, 2025.

Plus you can read about the individual pieces and the artists here.

The exhibit is up at Norway House until April 6. Visit if you can!

Now, I’ll have to figure out how to not repeat this mistake…

Robbie LaFleur

Christmas Greetings and Bunads

A Christmas-themed article has been added to the current issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter, “God Jul! (Norwegian Textile Style.” It highlights the great collection of the Norsk Folkemuseum, and of course, some wonderful textiles in their collection. The museum celebrates the holiday season sensationally. There is a whole section of their website, “Juletradisjoner gjennom 1000 år” [Christmas Traditions Throughout 1000 Years]. I wish I could visit the rooms personally this month.

This is the 1905 reconstructed apartment, my favorite.

Did you hear about the recent addition of “Traditional costumes in Norway, craftsmanship and social practice” to UNESCO’s representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity? (Note: the site takes FOREVER to load.) It just happened on December 5, and there was a great celebration by bunad fans all over the country on December 6. The event was carried live on Facebook. If you can speak Norwegian, you might want to check out the replay here, here.

Another worthy designation this year was the joint Norway/Sweden entry: Summer farming at fäbod and sewer: knowledge, traditions and practices related to the grazing of outlying lands and artisan food production. There is a very interesting film about this, with English subtitles. 

Thank you for your ongoing interest in the Norwegian Textile Letter. The newsletter is a labor of love for me. My goal is to publish new articles and translated older articles about Scandinavian textiles that will be available to interested readers now and researchers of the future. There will be lots of great textile articles in 2025! 

Happy holidays,

The Fall Issue with Corrected Links

Today, the only thing more annoying than sending out a post in which all the links acquired a mysterious arrow in the coding and didn’t work is listening to the squirrels playing chase games inside our eaves. Here are two charming weaving patterns with squirrels that I saw in the archives of the Norsk Folkemuseum last month. I will not be weaving these squirrels. And I apologize for the inconvenience of broken links. For sure the links work on the issue main page – norwegiantextileletter.com.

A Week to remember: The Norwegian Textile Symposium in Skien. Magnhild Peggy Jones Gilje describes a meeting packed with programs and classes on traditional textile techniques.

Viking Weaving on Minnesota’s North Shore. Holly Hildebrandt is enthusiastic about a class at North House Folk School from Melba Granlund. She made her own warp-weighted loom.

Walborg Nickelsen: A Designer Influenced by Frida Hansen. The mystery designer of transparent tapestries in three museums is identified through searching the archives of the Norsk Folkemuseum.

From WOW! to HOW?: Weaving at the Karin Larsson Exhibit. This summer and fall, volunteers from the Weavers Guild of Minnesota demonstrated rag rug weaving at the American Swedish Institute during the run of the Karin Larsson “Let the Hand be Seen” exhibit. They drew inspiration from Karin Larsson’s beautiful textiles and an unusual rug 14 meter long rug in the ASI collection.

Guiding Students to a Satisfying Outcome: An Interview with Christine Novotny on Teaching Rölakan. A weaving student became a weaving teacher, passing on a traditional Swedish weaving technique.

Weaving is Life: An Exhibit of the Weaving of Marta Kløve Juuhl. Marta Kløve Juuhl’s accomplishments during her long career as a weaver were celebrated at Ullveka — Wool Week.

Skillbragd Puzzles: Overshot Coverlets in the Vesterheim Collection. Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum Curator Laurann Gilbertson ponders the weave structures of coverlets in the museum.

Tribute to Anne Kjellberg, 1945 – 2024. Norway’s museum community lost a leading figure in the world of textiles, costume and textile history with the passing of Anne Kjellberg in July of 2024.

2024 National Norwegian-American Folk Art Exhibition. See the ribbon winners in this exhibition that showcases the self-expression of contemporary artists who create folk art rooted in Norwegian traditions.

Book Review: Pick-Up Bandweaving Designs: 288 Charts for 13 Pattern Ends and Techniques for Arranging Color. Are you a bandweaver? Do you celebrate Christmas? Get this book on your list!

Book Review: Winter Knitting for Little Sweethearts. If you knit for children, you will want to get buy this book from two Norwegian designers and make the darling sweaters and other projects.

Thanks for reading! Please share comments and questions and article ideas with me, at lafleur1801@me.com.

Robbie LaFleur

Norwegian Textile Letter: Vol. 25, No. 3, 2019

This issue would not be possible without the generous work of several authors–and weavers.


The Red Thread: A Monumental Tapestry by Else Marie Jakobsen
. If you travel to Bergen, Norway, you should visit the Science Building at the University of Bergen to see the monumental two-story high tapestry by Else Marie Jakobsen. Thank you to Janne Leithe, who gave permission for her description of the tapestry, taken from her book on the life and work of Else Marie Jakobsen, Levd Liv, Vevd Liv (Woven Life.)

National Exhibition of Folk Art in the Norwegian Tradition, 2019. Thank you to all of the talented weavers who contributed to the annual exhibition at the Vesterheim Norwegian American Museum.

Traditional Norwegian Weaving: A Long Distance Weaving Lecture. Thank you to Hilde Opedal Nordby for sharing notes from her lecture.

“Solstol”, by Hilde Opedal Nordby, shows rutevev used in a contemporary way.

Primstav and Textile Production in Scandinavia. Thank you to Lisa Torvik for taking us out of our high-tech daily lives, to think about the a whole different sort of calendar–and the importance of textile production in the lives who used the wooden stick versions.

“Under the Skin of Those Old Weavers”: Helen Kelley’s ‘Renaissance’ Quilt. Thank you to Lise Anne Bauch for discovering this quilted homage to a medieval Norwegian billedvev.

A portion of the animal and bird frieze

And tusen takk to those who donate to the ongoing production of The Norwegian Textile Letter. You are all part of the ongoing availablity of original and translated articles. Thank you!

It is easy to support the ongoing work of the newsletter via this PayPal button (or mail a check). Thank you! 

Robbie LaFleur
robbielafleur.com
lafleur1801@me.com
1801 Fremont Ave. S., #2, Minneapolis, MN 55403

New Issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter, Vol. 25, No. 2

 

Perhaps this is a racy issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter? I’ll bet you weren’t expecting an article on Norwegian Underpants History. The article includes a number of artifacts from the  Nordfjord Folk Museum. The Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum also has Norwegian underwear; see the addendum More Handmade Underwear: From Norway to the Dakotas to Vesterheim.

Cynthia Atley Peterson is an American sweater designer who has taken inspiration from Norwegian weaving. She has used both skilbragd and doubleweave åklær to design unique sweaters, hats, and mittens. Read Cynthia Peterson Sweaters: From the Loom to Knitting Needles, plus-–note her special offer for readers of the Norwegian Textile Letter.

North House Folk School in Grand Marais, Minnesota, holds a wonderful Fiber Retreat each winter.  This year the guest artist and speaker was Karin Flatøy Svarstad: Felt Artist from Kalvåg, Norway. Mary Reichert wrote an article about her, and another about the experience of learning from a master teacher, in New Birds Sighted on Minnesota’s North Shore–Felted Ones.

In the first two months after the Call for Art was posted for a show starting in June, 2020, at Norway House in Minneapolis, nearly 20 amazing entries have been accepted (with room for about 35). Read about a few of the pieces slated for The Baldishol: A Medieval Norwegian Tapestry Inspires Contemporary Textiles. After reading Inspired by the Baldishol Tapestry, you may be inspired to enter the show. For sure, mark your calendar to visit Minneapolis next summer. 

A new group has emerged for those who follow weaving in the Nordic countries; read about the Nordic Weaving Network and be sure to follow their Facebook group for inspiration and information.

Enjoy! 

Robbie LaFleur
robbielafleur.com 
lafleur1801@me.com
1801 Fremont Ave. S., #2, Minneapolis, MN 55403

If you appreciate the information in the Norwegian Textile Letter, please donate. It is easy to support the ongoing work of the newsletter via this PayPal button (or mail a check). Thank you! 

Update on the White House Baldishol Tapestry Copy

In his thorough article on the presentation of a Baldishol Tapestry copy to Mrs. Coolidge and the White House in 1926, Norwegian author Hermund Kleppa contacted an assistant curator at the White House, Melissa Naulin. This was back in 2009, when he wrote “The Baldishol Tapestry in the White House,” which appears in translation in the February issue of The Norwegian Textile Letter. She broke the sad news that there was no evidence it had ever hung in the White House, and it has been in storage since its presentation. 

It took me a while, but I was able to contact the curator again, as I had questions.  Is the tapestry still safely tucked away in storage?  Is there a chance it would ever be shown? Does the White House keep all gift items like this forever? Could it be given to the Smithsonian for display?

Ms. Naulin responded, 

Yes, the tapestry remains safe in museum storage at our collections facility. It is certainly possible that it be shown in the future, although there are no current plans to do so. Public law 87-286, issued in 1961, dictates that any object accessioned into the White House collection remains so in perpetuity: we do not deaccession collection items. So yes, it will be here. It can not be given to the Smithsonian, but could be loaned there for display: in general, we do not loan our collection, but the Smithsonian Institution is the one exception to that rule.

She was also happy to see the translation of the original article, as she only had a Norwegian copy.  It’s good to hear that the tapestry remains safe, even though I harbored hopes it could somehow come to Minnesota.  

A photo of the original Baldishol Tapestry

If you didn’t catch them when the recent issue of The Norwegian Textile Letter came out, these are the articles about the 5000 Norwegian-American women who contributed to the weaving of the Baldishol Tapestry copy to be placed in the White House. 

The Baldishol Tapestry in the White HouseThis article originally appeared in the Kulturhistorisk Leksikon (Cultural History Encyclopedia), published by Fylkesarkivet i Sogn og Fjordane (the County Archives of Sogn and Fjordane).

The Baldishol Tapestry–The White House Replica and Others

Robbie LaFleur
robbielafleur.com
lafleur1801@me.com

If you appreciate the information in the Norwegian Textile Letter, please donate. It is easy to support the ongoing work of the newsletter via this PayPal button.  Thank you! 

The Norwegian Textile Letter–With a Focus on the Baldishol Tapestry

This issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter includes a book review of the best sort–in which the reviewer tests out the instructions and reports her success.  You’ll want to get out your tablet weaving cards after reading Helen Scherer’s review of Tablet Weaving–in True Nordic Fashion by Sonja Berlin

At the depths of winter temperatures during our Midwest polar vortex this winter, Martha Brummitt was assembling a Viking-style pram boat. Next she will be weaving the cloth for an authentic wool sail.  Read about her project and follow along on her adventure in “Building a Norwegian Pram and Weaving a Wool Sail.”

I am part of the planning committee for a great new textile show at Norway House in the summer of 2020, “The Baldishol: A Medieval Norwegian Tapestry Inspires Contemporary Textiles.” The Call for Art is officially released with this issue of The Norwegian Textile Letter. The show will include textile works inspired by the tapestry.  Perhaps one by you?

Expert background on the Baldishol Tapestry is included from a section of Art Historian Randi Nygaard Lium’s book, Norsk Tekstilkunst (Norwegian Textile Art)–“Baldisholteppe: A Treasure from the Middle Ages.”

This Norwegian historical treasure has been replicated many times. In 1926 a copy was purchased by a group of Norwegian-American women to present to President Calvin Coolidge and his wife.  This event was researched thoroughly by Norwegian journalist Hermund Kleppa. His article, “The Baldishol Tapestry in the White House,” originally appeared in the Kulturhistorisk Leksikon (Cultural History Encyclopedia), published by Fylkesarkivet i Sogn og Fjordane (the County Archives of Sogn and Fjordane).

The Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum has three full-sized copies of the Baldishol Tapestry in their collection. Read more about the White House copy and the Vesterheim copies in “The Baldishol Tapestry–The White House Replica and Others.”

Enjoy! As usual, let me know if you would like to contribute an article to the newsletter, or know of topics on interest to readers.  

Robbie LaFleur
robbielafleur.com
lafleur1801@me.com

If you appreciate the information in the Norwegian Textile Letter, please donate. It is easy to support the ongoing work of the newsletter via this PayPal button.  Thank you! 

New Issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter

I hope that your holiday preparations and parties still leave time to enjoy the articles in the new issue of the Norwegian Textile Letter

I wish I was closer to Philadelphia so I could see From the Heart, Made by Hand: An Exhibit of Swedish Textiles at the American Swedish Historical Museum before it ends on March 10, 2019. Maybe some readers will be able to make the trip, but the rest of us can get a taste with photos from curator Trevor Brandt. See them here

I was lucky enough to examine the historical båtrye (boat rya) owned by Norma Wangsness of Deborah, Iowa, described in “A Treasured Family Båtrye.” As Norwegian Textile Letter readers, we are also lucky it was examined by Marta Kløve Juuhl–a weaver, weaving teacher, and museum employee from Bergen, Norway. Marta wrote afterwards that it was a bit of a “høytid” (a special occasion) to see such an old and well-preserved specimen. 

We would love your help in locating a large tapestry by Frida Hansen, missing for decades. Perhaps you’ll help solve the mystery? See: “Frida Hansen: Will We Ever See her Woven Swans and Maidens?”

Lisa Torvik, author of “Playing at the Loom Together: The Scandinavian Weavers Study Group Tackles Skillbragd” and I both attended Valdres Husflidsskole as young women. We were in Fagernes within three years of one another, though we didn’t become friends until much later. The difference between our experiences is, however, that Lisa remembers EVERYTHING she was taught about warping and weaving. She was a masterful coordinator of a recent group skillbragd project at the Weavers Guild of Minnesota. Our group enjoyed it so much that we warped the loom a second time, and have a new group project in the works. 

And finally, TUSEN TAKK for those who have supported the Norwegian Textile Letter with donations this year.  For the holidays, there is a new incentive. For those who feel the holiday season leaves them sometimes ready to “Scream,” or feel the current political climate deserves this holiday sentiment, or those who are just fans of Edvard Munch, new donations in December will be rewarded with your very own Scream ornament, backed with fringed, handwoven fabric and beads. 

Remember, it is so easy to support the work of the Norwegian Textile Letter via this Paypal button–and so appreciated!